Steam-turbine.



No. 64|,074. Pate'nted .lan. 9, [9006. J. BUHGUM.

a STEAMTURBINE.

Application filed June 3, 1899,;

rNo Model.)

Ne; 64,074. Ptented Jan. 9, uo. J. BURGUM.

STEAM TURBINE.

(Application filed June 3, 1899.

No. 641374. Patented lan. 9, !900. J. BUBGUM.

STEAM TURBINE.

`Application filed .Tune 3, 1899.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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No. 64I,074. Patented lan. 9, !900. J. BURGUM.

STEAM TURBINE.

(Application med June 3, 1899.

(N o M o d e I 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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THE NORRIS ?nans od., PHOTO-LITHO.. wsniumon. n. c.

E' STATES PATENT OFFICE JOHN BURGUM, OF RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL.

STEAM -TU RBlN Er SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 641974, dated January 9, 1900. Applicati n fi d .Tune 3, 1899. Serial No, ?19,289. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN BURGUM, a subj ect of the Queen of Great Britain, and a resident of Rio Janeiro, Brazil, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Turbines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art .to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, and to figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to a reversible steamturbine of the circumferential-flow type, in which the steam actuates either direction in the same conditions and power.

The drawings annexed show the Views as follows:

Figure l is a longitudinal section through the center of a set of three turbine-cylinders. Fig. l is a similar section showing the furrows or blades upon the revolving drum, said figure being upon a somewhat larger scale and showing the whole of the central cy1inder and a portion only of the high-pressure cylinder. Fig. 2 is a plan of Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is a plan View of the parts shown in Fig. l Fig. 3 shows end elevation of Figs. l and 2. Fig. 4: is an enlarged section across the lines E E and D D in Fig. l View showing another. kind of blades on the revolving drum. Figs. 6 and 7 are respectively enlarged partial section Views across broken lines I H in Fig. 4: and L M in Fig. 5, showing fixed partition-rings with blades on each side and the revolving partition-rings fixed to drum. Fig. 8 shows the steam-ports in cylinder. Fig. 9 shows the reversing-Valve with a shaft extending through a packed stuffing-box. Figs. 10 and ll show the ballbearings. Fig. 12 shows the three compound turbine-cylinders telescoped in one another. Fig. 13 shows a cross-section through the line P Q in Fig. 12.

Each turbine-cylinder is constructed with a fixed cylinder having a revolving drum .internally fixed onto the motor-shaft.

The cylinder has four ports, one communicating to each annular chamber at each end of cylinder and also two ports commnnicating to Fig. 5 is a similar i the -center of cylinder between the length. A reversing-Valve covers two of these ports, admitting the steam either to the two ends of cylinder and exhausting out at the center of cylinder or admitting stean to the center of cylinder and exhausting out at the two ends of cylinder when reversing. Each end of cylinder is closed by a cover which the 'motorshaft pass through its center. The cylinders contain a number of fixed rings or directingblades each side of a partition, as shown by drawing Fig. 4, in which one of the blades 85 or 86 extends in each section to keep the steam from circulating around the circumference. The revolving drum 25 has partitions with furrows or blades 24, as shown by Figs. 4: and 5, which correspond with those fixed to cylinder, Fig. 5.

The stean after doing its work in the highpressure cylinder, which is shown at the left hand in Figs. 1, l 2, and 2 is admitted at 14 to the cylinder 44, passing through the center of reversing-valve 10 to the ports 15 and 16 in` valve 10 in the position of -Valve as shown. These ports are in communica tion with the ports 17 and 18, which lead, respectively, to the annular chambers 19 and 20. The steam now passes through a narrow space 21 and 22 around the end ofthe cylinder and fiows through the first section of fixed directing-blades 23, directing the steam which now impinges onto the furrows or blades 24 on therevolving drum 25, giving motion in the direction of the arrow 26. (Shown in Fig. 4.) i The stean now passes through the partition 27 along the furrow 24:, striking the partition 29, fixed to therevolving drum. Its course is now changed, and it impinges onto the fixed directing-blades 28, which rebounds a portion of its force onto the furrows or blades 24 in the 'direction of the arrow 26. The steam is now about to repeat the same as above described, alternately passing the fixed and re- Volving partitions, impinging onto the furrow or blades until it arrives at the center of cylinder, which has a space between the bladerings, forming an annular chamber 44: between the cylinder and the drum. It now passes through the cylinder-ports 30 and 31, passing to the ValVe-chamber 33 to the outlet through the exhaust-pipe 34. In this form IOO 2 &41,074

the stean fiows through each turbine-cylinder from one to the other until the steampressure is red uced down to the atmospheric pressure and then discharged to a condenser. To reverse, the lever 35 is pulled over to the opposite side by the hand-level` 36, as shown in plan Fig. 2. Theports 15 16 in the reversing-valve 10 are now brought in communication with the ports in center of cylinder-ports 30 and 31. The ports 17 and 18, which had before admitted the steam to the ends of cylinder, are now open to the exhaust-chamber 33. The steam now being admitted to the center annular chamber 44 of cylinder fiows toward both ends of cylinder, first through the fixed section of directing-blades 28 in Fig. 4, impinging onto the furrows or blades 24 on the revolving drum 25, giving motion in the direction as arrow 37. The steam is now flowing toward the aXis. It now passes through the partition 27 along the furrow or blade 24,

striking the revolving partition 29, fixed'to the drum 25. Its course is now changed, being from the axis; The steam now impinges onto the fixed directing-blades 23, which rebounds a portion of its force onto the furrows or blades 24 in the same direction as arrow 37. The steam now repeats the same alternately until it reaches the ends of cylinder, where it passes into the anuular chambers 19 and 20, through the ports 17 and 18, into the ValVe-chamber 33, and out through the eXhaust-pipe 34.

Fig. 12 shows the three turbine-cylinders telescoped into one, obtaining the same effective power in the same space as the lowpressure cylinder. This form of turbine is suitable for land purposes where not required to be reversed. 47 is the fixed high-pressure cylinder. 48 is the fixed intermediate-pressure cylinder. 49 is the low-pressure cylinder. 47 and 48 are fixed to the cylinder-covers. 50 51 52 53 are the high-pressure, intermediate, and .low pressure revolving cylinders fixed to a division-plate 54.- The Inotor-shaft 55 is secured in the center and passes through the cylinder-covers 50. The shaft runs on ball-bearings, a shown by Figs. 10 and 11.

Fig. 13 is a crosssection through the lineletters P Q, showing the fixed cylinders 47 48 49, which carry the fixed directing-blades, and the revolving cylinders 51 52 53, which carry the revolving blades. (Same as shown in Figs. 4 or 5,) The blades 28 in Figs. 4 and 5 are omitted in this form of turbine.

The steam is first adnitted into the supplypipes 66 and 67 both at the same time, and then into the annular chanbers 68 and 69. The steam now fiows to the aXes through the first rings of fixed direeting-blades on the fixed cylinder 47, impinging onto the furrows or blades 24, which are fixed to the revolving drum 51, giving motion in the direction as arrow 26. The ste-am now flows-from the aXes between ,the fixed partitions and the partitions 29 on the revolving drum, which partitween the fixed cylinders 47 and the revolving cylinders 52 to the annular chambers 72 and 73. The steam now fiows through these sets of blades the same as aforedescribed. This cylinder being larger in diameter, the stean expands to a lower pressure. Arriving at the annular chambers 74 and 75, it returns back to the cylinder-covers between the fixed cylinder 48 and the revolving cylinder 53 to the annular chambers 76 and 77. The stean now fiows through these sets of fixed and revolving' blades the same as aforedescribed. This cylinder being larger than the former, the steam here expands to a lower pressure still, and when arriving at the annular chamber 78 the steamis red uced to the atnospheric pressure, where it exhausts out through the outlet-pipe 79 to a condenser or to the atmosphere.

38, Fig. 1, is an ordinary governor worked by a worm on the motor-shatt. Tlelever 39 is oscillated by the governor 38, which actuates the lever40, being connected to the throt tle-valve 41, cuts off the steam-supply as required to maintain a uniform speed. Across the lines d d e e, Fg. 7, the partition-rings 43, which are fixed to the cylinder, extend between the revolving blades on the drum, and the partition-rings 42, which revolve with the drum, eXtend between the fixed blades in cylinder. The steam fiows through these forn of blades the same as aforedescribed.

I employ ball-bearings, as shown by Figs. 10 and 11, for the shaft to run on. The ballchamber 80 is filled with oil, allowing the balls to run in the lubricant. These bearings have the dead-weight of the shaft and the revolving drum to contend with only, as the thrust onto the end of drum is perfectly balanced. A ring 81 is placed at the inner side ot' balleasing. This ring has springs to keep the steam from passing through the cylinder-covers. A spiral spring 82 forces this ring against the revolving drum 83. Between this ring and the ball-casing there is an oil-chamber 84, which lubricates the face of drum 83 through small holes in the ring 81. By these means no stean is allowed to escape through the bearings. Each cylinder-cover is fitted with these bearings.

Steam-turbines constructed in accordance with my invention, as illustrated in Figs. l to 3, inclusive, will run in either direction under the same conditions and with the same power. It can be operated also by steam,

air, water, or any suitable fluid.

IOO

&11,074 i 8 Having thus particularly described my invention and the manner of working same, I claim as follows:

1. The combination, in a steam-turbine, of an external fixed cylinder and an internal re- Volving drum having their interior and exterior surfaces provided with a series of transverse steam-directing blades and a series of longitudinal steam-directing partitions intersecting said blades, the blades and partitions terminating centrally between the ends of the cylinder and drum to provide a central, an-

I nular steam-chamber, with a steam-inlet and steam-valve in the cylinder opposite to, or in coincidence with, said central, annular steamchamber, substantially as described.

2. The combination, in a steam-turbine, of a fixed cylinder having attached steam-direct ing blades 23 and partitions 27 on its interier, a revolving drum arranged within said cylinder and having attached steam directing blades 24 and partitions 29 on its exterior coacting with those on the interior of the fixedber to its opposite ends, a revolving drum arranged within the fixed cylinder and having a plnrality of steam-directing blades andi partitions on its eXterior fron said annular steam- 'chamber to its opposite ends, the steam-ports leading from the center of the cylinder to its opposite ends and to said annular steamchamber, and a steam-reversing valve controlling said ports to admit steam direct to the central annular steam-chamber and exhanst from opposite ends of the cylinder and r drum or to admit steam to the opposite ends of the cylinder and drum and exhaust from the central annular stean-chanber, substantially as described.

4. The combination, in asteam-turbine, of a fixed cylinder having a set of steam-ports and an annular steam-chamber centrally between its ends, a longitudinal, rotary motorshaft, a rotary drum arranged on said shaft within the fixed cylinder, and an oscillatory reversing-valve controlling the set of stean1- ports at the center of the cylinder and serving to admit steam direct to said central annular steam-chamber and exhaust from opposite ends of the cylinder and drum, or to admit steam to the opposite ends of the cylinder and drum and exhaust from the central annular steam-chamber, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN BURGUM.

Witnesses:

J ULEs GERAUD, G. F. BUTCHER. 

